GPON (Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Network) is an ITU standard (ITU G.984) that can support up to 2.5 Gbps shared bandwidth on downstream traffic and 1 Gbps on upstream traffic. It is being employed to build national broadband networks in several countries. The advantage of PON architecture is that a single Optical Line Terminal (OLT) port installed at a hub location can typically deliver broadband services to up to 128 end-points or Optical Networking Terminals (ONT) within a 20 km using simple passive optical splitters in the field. Higher-speed PON technology variants have also emerged based on new technology standards. XGS-PON is an ITU standard that enables up to 10 Gbps symmetrical bandwidth for subscribers. NG-PON2 (TWDM PON) is another ITU standard that supports multiplexing of multiple wavelengths with tunable optics to enhance capacity and deliver faster service restoration in case of enterprise applications.